Accessing blocked websites using CALCULATOR

When both Domain Name & IP Address are banned, Use Calculator to Access that Website
Wuntoo has written a detailed comment on how to bypass the internet content filtering software of your school or office using just the calculator application (Start->Run. type calc.exe). This unique Mathematics based trick will probably work when websites are blocked in your institution or corporate network based on the host name or their IP address.

The trick is to convert the human readable website address that's blocked (like bebo.com) into an IP address ( 208.75.184.160) and again translate this value to a decimal address which is probably not blocked by the website filters.

Here's a step by step guide to render www.myspace. com to a decimal address:

How to Access Restricted Websites

1) get its IP address (216.178.39.74), by pinging the name (if you have a direct internet connection) or if you only have access via a web proxy then find it out by using a networking website like network-tools. com.

2) start your PC's calculator, and change it to scientific mode (using the "View" menu)

3) enter each of the four IP octets, one by one, converting them to binary (enter number and click on the "Bin" radio button)
Thus 216.178.39.74 becomes216 = 11011000178 = 1011001039 = 0010011174 = 01001010 Notice how any binary numbers less than 8 digits long have had leading zeroes added to pad them out. Reassembled into IP address order, you get 11011000.10110010. 00100111. 01001010

4) Remove the dots, so you get one huge line of binary, thus: 1101100010110010001 0011101001010

5) Copy this binary string

6) Go to your scientific calculator, and hit the "Bin" button FIRST (as you are about to enter binary), THEN paste in the binary string.

7) Click on the "Dec" button on your calculator, and you will get the converted value of 3635554122

8) Add the hypertext protocol prefix and paste into your browser's address bar: http://3635554122

Wuntoo adds: I used to be in a place that had websense, where both website names and their corresponding IP addresses were blocked. However was able to get limited access by converting the IP address to decimal, which websense (at the time) did not know about. This might have changed since, or if your school runs an old version it might still work. Note that if you surf away from the page you might hit websense blocks again unless you manually reconstruct the next address you want to get to.

Synchronize your computer TIME

Chronograph is a simple utility that synchronizes your computer’s internal clock to the atomic time. Standard internal clocks are usually very incorrect, and need frequent manual corrections. Chronograph automatically maintains correct time using atomic clock servers of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The program is extremely helpful for every computer user. It is a must have for professionals who need correct time permanently (e.g. stock traders). Chronograph provides a high degree of accuracy – the difference between local computer time and actual time after correction will rarely exceed 0.5 seconds. This slight difference is caused by an unavoidable network transmission delay. Main features: * Manual, periodical and wait-for-connection operating modes. * High stability. Program automatically connects to another server when the current server is down. * Ease of use. After the initial setting, which takes about one minute, the programs works automatically in background and doesn’t require any user attention.


Main Window













Settings Dialogue

System Tray Menu

Advanced Hint

Download Chronograph in http://www.altrixsoft.com/download/chrono.exe

Difference between a Virus, Trojan Horse and Worm?

The most common blunder when the topic of a computer virus arises is that people will often refer to a Worm or Trojan Horse as a Virus. While the words Trojan, worm, and virus are used interchangeably, they are not the same. Viruses, worms, and Trojan Horses are all malicious programs that can cause damage to your computer, but there are differences between the three, and knowing those differences can help you to better protect your computer from their often damaging effects.

A computer Virus attaches itself to a program or file so it can spread from one computer to another, leaving infections as it travels. Some viruses cause only mildly annoying effects while others can damage your hardware, software, or files. Almost all viruses are attached to an executable file, which means the virus may exist on your computer but it cannot infect your computer unless you run or open the malicious program. It is important to note that a virus cannot be spread without a human action, (such as running an infected program) to keep it going. People continue the spread of a computer virus, mostly unknowingly, by sharing infecting files or sending e-mails with viruses as attachments in the e-mail.

A Worm is similar to a virus by its design, and is considered to be a sub-class of a virus. Worms spread from computer to computer, but unlike a virus, it has the ability to travel without any help from a person. A worm takes advantage of file or information transport features on your system, which allows it to travel unaided. The biggest danger with a worm is its ability to replicate itself on your system, so rather than your computer sending out a single worm, it could send out hundreds or thousands of copies of itself, creating a huge devastating effect. One example would be for a worm to send a copy of itself to everyone listed in your e-mail address book. Then, the worm replicates and sends itself out to everyone listed in each of the receiver's address book, and the manifest continues on down the line. Due to the copying nature of a worm and its ability to travel across networks the end result in most cases is that the worm consumes too much system memory (or network bandwidth), causing Web servers, network servers, and individual computers to stop responding. In more recent worm attacks such as the much talked about Blaster Worm, the worm has been designed to tunnel into your system and allow malicious users to control your computer remotely.

A Trojan Horse is full of as much trickery as the mythological Trojan Horse it was named after. The Trojan Horse, at first glance will appear to be useful software but will actually do damage once installed or run on your computer. Those on the receiving end of a Trojan Horse are usually tricked into opening them because they appear to be receiving legitimate software or files from a legitimate source. The Trojan horse itself would typically be a Windows executable program file, and thus must have an executable filename extension such as .exe, .com, .scr, .bat, or .pif. Since Windows is sometimes configured by default to hide filename extensions from a user, the Trojan horse is an extension that might be "masked" by giving it a name such as 'Readme.txt. exe'. With file extensions hidden, the user would only see 'Readme.txt' and could mistake it for a harmless text file. When the recipient double-clicks on the attachment, the Trojan horse might superficially do what the user expects it to do (open a text file, for example), so as to keep the victim unaware of its real, concealed, objectives. Meanwhile, it might discreetly modify or delete files, change the configuration of the computer, or even use the computer as a base from which to attack local or other networks - possibly joining many other similarly infected computers as part of a distributed denial-of-service attack. When a Trojan is activated on your computer, the results can vary. Some Trojans are designed to be more annoying than malicious (like changing your desktop, adding silly active desktop icons) or they can cause serious damage by deleting files and destroying information on your system. Trojans are also known to create a backdoor on your computer that gives malicious users access to your system, possibly allowing confidential or personal information to be compromised. Unlike viruses and worms, Trojans do not reproduce by infecting other files nor do they self-replicate.

Added into the mix, what is called a blended threat? A blended threat is a sophisticated attack that bundles some of the worst aspects of viruses, worms, Trojan horses and malicious code into one threat. Blended threats use server and Internet vulnerabilities to initiate, transmit and spread an attack. This combination of method and techniques means blended threats can spread quickly and cause widespread damage. Characteristics of blended threats include: causes harm, propagates by multiple methods, attacks from multiple points and exploits vulnerabilities.

To be considered a blended thread, the attack would normally serve to transport multiple attacks in one payload. For examplem it wouldn't just launch a DoS attack — it would also install a backdoor and damage a local system in one shot. Additionally, blended threats are designed to use multiple modes of transport. For example, a worm may travel through e-mail, but a single blended threat could use multiple routes such as e-mail, IRC and file-sharing sharing networks. The actual attack itself is also not limited to a specific act. For example, rather than a specific attack on predetermined .exe files, a blended thread could modify exe files, HTML files and registry keys at the same time — basically it can cause damage within several areas of your network at one time.Blended threats are considered to be the worst risk to security since the inception of viruses, as most blended threats require no human intervention to propagate.

Combating Viruses, Worms and Trojan Horses :

The first steps to protect your computer are to ensure your operating system (OS) is up-to-date. This is essential if you are running a Microsoft Windows OS. Secondly, you should have anti-virus software installed on your system and download updates frequently to ensure your software has the latest fixes for new viruses, worms, and Trojan Horses. Additionally you want to make sure your anti-virus program has the ability to scan e-mail and files as they are downloaded from the Internet. This will help prevent malicious programs from even reaching your computer. If this isn't enough protection, then you may want to consider installing a firewall as well.

A firewall is a system which prevents unauthorized use and access to your computer. A firewall can be either hardware or software. Hardware firewalls provide a strong degree of protection from most forms of attack coming from the outside world and can be purchased as a stand-alone product or in broadband routers. Unfortunately, when battling viruses, worms and Trojans, a hardware firewall may be less effective than a software firewall, as it could possibly ignore embedded worms in out going e-mails and see this as regular network traffic. For individual home users, the most popular firewall choice is a software firewall. A good software firewall will protect your computer from outside attempts to control or gain access your computer, and usually provides additional protection against the most common Trojan programs or e-mail worms. The downside to software firewalls is that they will only protect the computer they are installed on, not a network.

It is important to remember that on its own a firewall is unable to get rid of your computer virus problems, but when used in conjunction with regular operating system updates and a good anti-virus scanning software, it will add some extra security and protection for your computer or network.

MS EXCEL shortcut keys

Description	Shortcut Key
New file	Ctrl + N
Open file	Ctrl + O
Save file	Ctrl + S
Move between open workbooks	Ctrl + F6
Close file	Ctrl + F4
Save as	F12
Display the print menu	Ctrl + P
Select whole spreadsheet	Ctrl + A
Select column	Ctrl + Space
Select row	Shift + Space
Undo last action	Ctrl + Z
Redo last action	Ctrl + Y
Start a formula	Equals Sign (eg. SUM(A1+A2)
Exit Excel 97	Alt + F4
Navigating
Description	Shortcut Key
Move to next cell in row	Tab
Move to previous cell in row	Shift + Tab
Up one screen	Page Up
Down one screen	Page Down
Move to next worksheet	Ctrl + Page Down
Move to previous worksheet	Ctrl + Page Up
Go to first cell in data region	Ctrl + Home
Go to last cell in data region	Ctrl + End
Formatting Text In Worksheet
Bold toggle for selection	Ctrl + B
Italic toggle for selection	Ctrl + I
Underline toggle for selection	Ctrl + U
Strikethrough for selection	Ctrl + 5
Change the font	Ctrl + Shift + F
Change the font size	Ctrl + Shift + P
Apply outline borders	Ctrl + Shift + 7
Remove all borders	Ctrl + Shift + Underline
Wrap text in same cell	Alt + Enter
Formatting Cells
Format cells	Ctrl + 1
Select font	Ctrl + Shift + F
Select point size	Ctrl + Shift + P
Format as currency	Ctrl + Shift + 4
Format as general	Ctrl + Shift + # (hash sign)
(to remove any formatting)
Format as percentage	Ctrl + Shift + 5
Format as number	Ctrl + Shift + 1
Editing/Deleting Text
Delete one character to right	Delete
Delete one character to left	Backspace
Edit active cell	F2
Cancel cell entry	Escape Key
HighlightingCells
Select entire worksheet	Ctrl + A
Select entire row	Shift + Spacebar
Select entire column	Ctrl + Spacebar
Manual select	Hold Shift + with Left, Right, Up, Down Arrow Key
Copying and Moving Text
Description	Shortcut Key
Cut	Ctrl + X
Copy	Ctrl + C
Paste	Ctrl + V
Inserting Text Automatically
Autosum a range of cells	Alt + Equals Sign
Insert the date	Ctrl + ; (semi-colon)
Insert the time	Ctrl + Shift + ; (semi-colon)
Insert columns/rows	Ctrl + Shift + + (plus sign)
Insert a new worksheet	Shift + F11
Misc
Find text	Ctrl + F
Replace text dialog	Ctrl + H
Create a chart automatically on new sheet	F11
Edit a cell comment	Shift + F2
Main Jaws Keystrokes In Excel
Description	Shortcut Key
Say Version of Excel	Ctrl + Shift + V
Move to Next Sheet	Ctrl + Page Down
Move to Prior Sheet	Ctrl + Page Up
Go to a cell command	Ctrl + G
Collapse Selection To Active Cell	Shift + Backspace
Say Active Cell Coordinates	Insert + C
AutoSum	Alt + Equals
Formula Mode	Equals Sign
Insert Date In Current Cell	Ctrl + ; (semicolon)
Insert Time In Current Cell	Ctrl + Shift + ; (semicolon)
Current Column First Cell From Top	Alt + 1
Current Column Second Cell From Top	Alt + 2
Current Column Third Cell From Top	Alt + 3
Current Column Fourth Cell From Top	Alt + 4
Data Region Left	Ctrl + Left Arrow
Data Region Right	Ctrl + Right Arrow
Data Region Down	Ctrl + Down Arrow
Data Region Up	Ctrl + Up Arrow
Select Whole Data Region	Ctrl + Shift + 8
Say Formula	Ctrl + F2
Spell Check	F7
Report Gridline Status	Alt + Shift + g
Read Row Total	Insert + Delete
Read Column Total	Insert + Enter
Say Column Title	Alt + Shift + C
Say Row Title	Alt + Shift + R
Say Visible Range Coordinates	Alt + Shift + V
Cycle Through Controls in Dialog Box	Tab
Tab Backwards	Shift + Tab
List Cells With Comments	Ctrl + Shift + ' (apostrophe)
Row Second Cell From Left	Alt + Ctrl + 2
Row First Cell From Left	Alt + Ctrl + 1
Row Third Cell From Left	Alt + Ctrl + 3
Row Fourth Cell From Left	Alt + Ctrl + 4
Describe Cell Border	Alt + Shift + B
Read Cell Comment	Alt + Shift + ' (apostrophe)
Auto Filter	Ctrl + Shift + A
Read Cell Hyperlink	Alt + Shift + H
Close Office Assistant	Ctrl + Insert + F4
Set Monitor Cell One	Alt + Ctrl + Shift + 1
Set Monitor Cell Two	Alt + Ctrl + Shift + 2
Set Monitor Cell Three	Alt + Ctrl + Shift + 3
Set Monitor Cell Four	Alt + Ctrl + Shift + 4
Set Monitor Cell Five	Alt + Ctrl + Shift + 5
Set Monitor Cell Six	Alt + Ctrl + Shift + 6
Set Monitor Cell Seven	Alt + Ctrl + Shift + 7
Set Monitor Cell Eight	Alt + Ctrl + Shift + 8
Set Monitor Cell Nine	Alt + Ctrl + Shift + 9
Set Monitor Cell 10	Alt + Ctrl + Shift + 0
Read Monitor Cell One	Alt + Shift + 1
Read Monitor Cell Two	Alt + Shift + 2
Read Monitor Cell Three	Alt + Shift + 3
Read Monitor Cell Four	Alt + Shift + 4
Read Monitor Cell Five	Alt + Shift + 5
Read Monitor Cell Six	Alt + Shift + 6
Read Monitor Cell Seven	Alt + Shift + 7
Read Monitor Cell Eight	Alt + Shift + 8
Read Monitor Cell Nine	Alt + Shift + 9
Read Monitor Cell Ten	Alt + Shift + 0
List Visible Cells With Data	Ctrl + Shift + D
Lists Data In Current Column	Ctrl + Shift + C
List Data In Current Row	Ctrl + Shift + R
Select Hyperlink	Ctrl + Shift + H
Move To Worksheet List box	Ctrl + Shift + S
Move To Monitor Cell	Ctrl + Shift + M
Select Worksheet Objects	Ctrl + Shift + O
List Cells At Page Breaks	Ctrl + Shift + B
Options List box	Insert + V

MS word short cut keys

S.No.	Keys
1	Ctrl + Shift + A
	AllCaps
	Makes the selection all capitals (toggle)
2	Alt + Ctrl + 1
	ApplyHeading1
	Applies Heading 1 style to the selected text
3	Alt + Ctrl + 2
	ApplyHeading2
	Applies Heading 2 style to the selected text
4	Alt + Ctrl + 3
	ApplyHeading3
	Applies Heading 3 style to the selected text
5	Ctrl + Shift + L
	Apply List Bullet
	Applies List Bullet style to the selected text
6	Alt + F10
	AppMaximize
	Enlarges the application window to full size
7	Alt + F5
	AppRestore
	Restores the application window to normal size
8	Ctrl+B
	Bold
	Makes the selection bold (toggle)
9	Ctrl + PgDn
	BrowseNext
	Jump to the next browse object
10	Ctrl + PgUp
	BrowsePrev
	Jump to the previous browse object
11	Alt + Ctrl + Home
	BrowseSel
	Select the next/prev browse object
12	Esc
	Cancel
	Terminates an action
13	Ctrl+E
	CenterPara
	Centers the paragraph between the indents
14	Shift+F3
	ChangeCase
	Changes the case of the letters in the selection
15	Left arrow
	CharLeft
	Moves the insertion point to the left one character
16	Shift + Left arrow
	CharLeftExtend
	Extends the selection to the left one character
17	Rt arrow
	CharRight
	Moves the insertion point to the right one character
18	Shift + Rt arrow
	CharRightExtend
	Extends the selection to the right one character
19	Alt + Shift + C
	ClosePane
	Closes the active window pane (if you are in Normal View and have, for example, the Footnote pane open)
20	Alt+Drag (or press Ctrl + Shift + F8 and drag, but Alt + Drag is far easier!)
	ColumnSelect
	Selects a columnar block of text
21	Ctrl +Shift+C
	CopyFormat
	Copies the formatting of the selection
22	Shift + F2
	CopyText
	Makes a copy of the selection without using the clipboard (press Return to paste)
23	Alt + F3
	CreateAutoText
	Adds an AutoText entry to the active template
24	Ctrl+ Backspace
	DeleteBackWord
	Deletes the previous word without putting it on the Clipboard
25	Ctrl + Del
	DeleteWord
	Deletes the next word without putting it on the Clipboard
26	Ctrl+W, Ctrl+F4
	DocClose
	Prompts to save the document and then closes the active window. (But doesn't intercept the menu command)
27	Ctrl + F10
	DocMaximize
	Enlarges the active window to full size
28	Ctrl + F7
	DocMove
	Changes the position of the active window
29	Ctrl + F5
	DocRestore
	Restores the window to normal size
30	Ctrl + F8
	DocSize
	Changes the size of the active window
31	Alt + Ctrl + S
	DocSplit
	Splits the active window horizontally and then adjusts the split
32	Alt + Shift + F9
	DoFieldClick
	Executes the action associated with macrobutton fields
33	Ctrl + Shift + D
	DoubleUnderline
	Double underlines the selection (toggle)
34	Alt R, G
	DrawGroup
	Groups the selected drawing objects
35	Alt R, I
	DrawSnapToGrid
	Sets up a grid for aligning drawing objects
36	Alt R, U
	DrawUngroup
	Ungroups the selected group of drawing objects
37	Ctrl+Shift+F5 (Or: Alt I, K)
	EditBookmark
	Brings up the bookmark dialog
38	Del
	EditClear
	Performs a forward delete or removes the selection without putting it on the Clipboard
39	Ctrl+C
	EditCopy
	Copies the selection and puts it on the Clipboard
40	Ctrl+X
	EditCut
	Cuts the selection and puts it on the Clipboard
41	Ctrl+F
	EditFind
	Finds the specified text or the specified formatting
42	F5, Ctrl+G
	EditGoTo
	Jumps to a specified place in the active document
43	Alt E, K
	EditLinks
	Allows links to be viewed, updated, opened, or removed
44	Ctrl+V
	EditPaste
	Inserts the Clipboard contents at the insertion point
45	Alt E, S
	EditPasteSpecial
	Inserts the Clipboard contents as a linked object, embedded object, or other format
46	Alt + Shift + Backspc
	EditRedo
	Redoes the last action that was undone
47	F4
	EditRedoOrRepeat
	Repeats the last command, or redoes the last action that was undone (unfortunately, doesn't work for as many commands in Word 2000 as in Word 97 and below, but this is still one of Word's most useful shortcuts, if not the most useful)
48	Ctrl+H
	EditReplace
	Finds the specified text or the specified formatting and replaces it
49	Ctrl+A
	EditSelectAll
	Selects the entire document
50	Ctrl+Z
	EditUndo
	Reverses the last action
51	Alt + PageDn (to select to end of column, use Alt + Shift + PgDn)
	EndOfColumn
	Moves to the last cell in the current table column
52	Ctrl+Shift+End
	EndOfDocExtend
	Extends the selection to the end of the last line of the document
53	Ctrl+End
	EndOfDocument
	Moves the insertion point to the end of the last line of the document
54	End
	EndOfLine
	Moves the insertion point to the end of the current line
55	Shift+End
	EndOfLineExtend
	Extends the selection to the end of the current line
56	Alt+End
	EndOfRow
	Moves to the last cell in the current row
57	Alt + Ctrl + PgDn
	EndOfWindow
	Moves the insertion point to the end of the last visible line on the screen
58	Shift + Alt + Ctrl + PgDn
	EndOfWindowExtend
	Extends the selection to the end of the last visible line on the screen
59	F8 (press Esc to turn off)
	ExtendSelection
	Turns on extend selection mode and then expands the selection with the direction keys
60	Alt + F4 (<9>)
	FileCloseOrExit
	Closes the current document, or if no documents are open, quits Word. Horrible command, as it makes it a long winded business to quit Word. But there's a simple solution - assign Alt+F4 to FileExit instead.
61	Alt + F4 (Word 97)
	FileExit
	Quits Microsoft Word and prompts to save the documents (does intercept the menu item, but not the keyboard shortcut, or the x button. An AutoExit macro is usually a better way of intercepting this).
62	NOT Ctrl+N!!
	FileNew
	Creates a new document or template (brings up the dialog). Note that: Word pretends that Ctrl+N is assigned to FileNew but it isn't, it's assigned to FileNewDefault You can fix this in Word 2000 by assigning Ctrl+N to the FileNewDialog command. In Word 97 the only way to fix it is to create a macro called FileNew (to do this, press Alt + F8, type "FileNew" without the quotes and Click "Create". The macro will automatically contain the code needed to make it work).
63	Ctrl+N
	FileNewDefault
	Creates a new document based on the Normal template.
64	Ctrl+O
	FileOpen
	Opens an existing document or template
65	Alt F, U
	FilePageSetup
	Changes the page setup of the selected sections
66	Ctrl + P
	FilePrint
	Prints the active document (brings up the dialog)
67	Ctrl+F2
	FilePrintPreview
	Displays full pages as they will be printed
68	Alt F, I
	FileProperties
	Shows the properties of the active document
69	Ctrl+S
	FileSave
	FileSave
70	Alt F, A (or F12)
	FileSaveAs
	Saves a copy of the document in a separate file (brings up the dialog)
71	Ctrl+Shift+F
	Font
	Activates the Fonts listbox on the formatting toolbar
72	Ctrl+Shift+P
	FontSizeSelect
	Activates the Font Size drop-down on the formatting toolbar
73	Alt + Ctrl + K
	FormatAutoFormat
	Automatically formats a document (or sometimes, automatically screws it up)
74	Alt O, B
	FormatBordersAndSha ding
	Changes the borders and shading of the selected paragraphs, table cells, and pictures
75	Alt O, E
	FormatChangeCase
	Changes the case of the letters in the selection
76	Alt O, C
	FormatColumns
	Changes the column format of the selected sections (brings up the dialog)
77	Alt O, D
	FormatDropCap
	Formats the first character of current paragraph as a dropped capital (must select it first)
78	Ctrl+D
	FormatFont
	Brings up the Format + Font dialog
79	Alt + Shift + R
	FormatHeaderFooterL ink
	Links the current header/footer to the previous section (but does not intercept the button on the H
	eader Footer toolbar)
80	Alt O, P
	FormatParagraph
	Brings up the Format Paragraph dialog
81	Alt O, S
	FormatStyle
	Applies, creates, or modifies styles
82	Alt O, T
	FormatTabs
	Brings up the Format Tabs dialog
83	Shift + F5
	GoBack
	Returns to the previous insertion point (goes back to up to 3 points, then returns to where you started; this is one of the most useful shortcuts of them all. Also useful when opening a document, if you want to g straight to where you were last editing it)
84	Ctrl + >
	GrowFont
	Increases the font size of the selection
85	Ctrl + ]
	GrowFontOnePoint
	Increases the font size of the selection by one point
86	Ctrl + T (or drag the ruler)
	HangingIndent
	Increases the hanging indent
87	F1
	Help
	Microsoft Word Help
88	Shift + F1
	HelpTool
	Lets you get help on a command or screen region or examine text properties
89	Ctrl + Shift + H
	Hidden
	Makes the selection hidden text (toggle)
90	Click on it
	HyperlinkOpen
	Connect to a hyperlink's address
91	Ctrl + M (or drag the ruler)
	Indent
	Moves the left indent to the next tab stop
92	Alt + Ctrl + M (or Alt I, M)
	InsertAnnotation
	Inserts a comment
93	F3
	InsertAutoText
	Replaces the name of the AutoText entry with its contents
94	Alt I, B
	InsertBreak
	Ends a page, column, or section at the insertion point
95	Alt I, C
	InsertCaption
	Inserts a caption above or below a selected object
96	Ctrl + Shift + Return
	InsertColumnBreak
	Inserts a column break at the insertion point
97	Alt + Shift + D
	InsertDateField
	Inserts a date field
98	Alt + Ctrl + D
	InsertEndnoteNow
	Inserts an endnote reference at the insertion point without displaying the dialog
99	Alt I, F
	InsertField
	Inserts a field in the active document
100	Ctrl+F9
	InsertFieldChars
	Inserts an empty field with the enclosing field characters
101	Alt I, L
	InsertFile
	Inserts the text of another file into the active document
102	Alt I, N
	InsertFootnote
	Inserts a footnote or endnote reference at the insertion point
103	Alt + Ctrl + F
	InsertFootnoteNow
	Inserts a footnote reference at the insertion point without displaying the dialog
104	Ctrl + K
	InsertHyperlink
	Insert Hyperlink
105	Alt I, D
	InsertIndexAndTable s
	Inserts an index or a table of contents, figures, or authorities into the document
106	Alt + Ctrl + L
	InsertListNumField
	Inserts a ListNum Field
107	Alt + Shift + F
	InsertMergeField
	Brings up a dialog to insert a mail merge field at the insertion point. (It does not intercept the button on the Mail merge. toolbar)
108	Ctrl + Return
	InsertPageBreak
	Inserts a page break at the insertion point
109	Alt + Shift + P
	InsertPageField
	Inserts a page number field
110	Ctrl + Shift + F3
	InsertSpike
	Empties the spike AutoText entry and inserts all of its contents into the document
111	Alt + Shift + T
	InsertTimeField
	Inserts a time field
112	Ctrl + I
	Italic
	Makes the selection italic (toggle)
113	Ctrl + J
	JustifyPara
	Aligns the paragraph at both the left and the right indent
114	Ctrl + L
	LeftPara
	Aligns the paragraph at the left indent
115	Down arrow
	LineDown
	Moves the insertion point down one line
116	Shift + down arrow
	LineDownExtend
	Extends the selection down one line
117	Up arrow
	LineUp
	Moves the insertion point up one line
118	Shift + up arrow
	LineUpExtend
	Extends the selection up one line
119	Ctrl + F11
	LockFields
	Locks the selected fields to prevent updating
120	Alt + Shift + K
	MailMergeCheck
	Checks for errors in a mail merge
121	Alt+Shift+E
	MailMergeEditDataSo urce
	Lets you edit a mail merge data source
122	Alt + Shift + N
	MailMergeToDoc
	Collects the results of the mail merge in a document
123	Alt Shift + M
	MailMergeToPrinter
	Sends the results of the mail merge to the printer
124	Alt + Shift + I
	MarkCitation
	Marks the text you want to include in the table of authorities
125	Alt + Shift + X
	MarkIndexEntry
	Marks the text you want to include in the index
126	Alt + Shift + O
	MarkTableOfContents Entry
	Inserts a TC field (but it is far better to use Heading Styles to generate your Table of Contents instead)
127	Alt or F10
	MenuMode
	Makes the menu bar active
128	Alt + Shift + F11
	MicrosoftScriptEdit or
	Starts or switches to Microsoft Development Environment application, allowing you to view the HTML/XML source code that would be behind the document if it were in ..htm format (or that is behind it if it already is in .htm format).
129	Alt + Ctrl + F1
	MicrosoftSystemInfo
	Execute the Microsoft System Info application
130	F2
	MoveText
	Moves the selection to a specified location without using the clipboard (press Return to execute the more)
131	Tab
	NextCell
	Moves to the next table cell
132	F11
	NextField
	Moves to the next field
133	Alt + F7
	NextMisspelling
	Find next spelling error
134	Alt + down arrow
	NextObject
	Moves to the next object on the page
135	Ctrl + F6
	NextWindow
	Switches to the next document window, equivalent to selecting a document from the Window menu.
136	Ctrl+Shift+N
	NormalStyle
	Applies the Normal style
137	Ctrl + 0
	OpenOrCloseUpPara
	Sets or removes extra spacing above the selected paragraph
138	F6
	OtherPane
	Switches to another window pane in Normal View (for instance, if you have if you have a Footnotes pane open in Normal view and want to switch to the main document and back without closing the pane).
139	Alt + _
	OutlineCollapse
	Collapses an Outline in Outline View by one level
140	Alt+Shift+rt arrow
	OutlineDemote
	Demotes the selected paragraphs one heading level
141	Alt + +
	OutlineExpand
	Expands an Outline in Outline View by one level
142	Alt+Shift+down arrow
	OutlineMoveDown
	Moves the selection below the next item in the outline
143	Alt+Shift+up arrow
	OutlineMoveUp
	Moves the selection above the previous item in the outline
144	Alt+Shift+left arrow
	OutlinePromote
	Promotes the selected paragraphs one heading level
145	Alt + Shift + L
	OutlineShowFirstLin e
	Toggles between showing the first line of each paragraph only or showing all of the body text in the outline
146	Ins
	Overtype
	Toggles the typing mode between replacing and inserting
147	PgDn
	PageDown
	Moves the insertion point and document display to the next screen of text
148	Shift+ PgDn
	PageDownExtend
	Extends the selection and changes the document display to the next screen of text
149	PgUp
	PageUp
	Moves the insertion point and document display to the previous screen of text
150	Shift + PgUp
	PageUpExtend
	Extends the selection and changes the document display to the previous screen of text
151	Ctrl + down arrow
	ParaDown
	Moves the insertion point to the beginning of the next paragraph
152	Shift + Ctrl + down arrow
	ParaDownExtend
	Extends the selection to the beginning of the next paragraph
153	Ctrl + up arrow
	ParaUp
	Moves the insertion point to the beginning of the previous paragraph
154	Shift + Ctrl + up arrow
	ParaUpExtend
	Extends the selection to the beginning of the previous paragraph
155	Ctrl+Shift+V
	PasteFormat
	Applies the previously copied formatting to selection
156	Shift + Tab
	PrevCell
	Moves to the previous table cell
157	Shift + F11
	PrevField
	Moves to the previous field
158	Alt + up arrow
	PrevObject
	Moves to the previous object on the page
159	Ctrl + Shift + F6
	PrevWindow
	Switches back to the previous document window
160	Sfift+F4
	RepeatFind
	Repeats Go To or Find to find the next occurrence
161	Ctrl+Spacebar
	ResetChar
	Makes the selection the default character format of the applied style
162	Ctrl+Q
	ResetPara
	Makes the selection the default paragraph format of the applied style
163	Ctrl +R
	RightPara
	Aligns the paragraph at the right indent
164	Ctrl + *
	ShowAll
	Shows/hides all nonprinting characters
165	Alt + Shift + A
	ShowAllHeadings
	Displays all of the heading levels and the body text in Outline View
166	Ctrl + <
	ShrinkFont
	Decreases the font size of the selection
167	Ctrl + [
	ShrinkFontOnePoint
	Decreases the font size of the selection by one point
168	Ctrl + Shift + K
	SmallCaps
	Makes the selection small capitals (toggle)
169	Ctrl + 1
	SpacePara1
	Sets the line spacing to single space
170	Ctrl + 5
	SpacePara15
	Sets the line spacing to one-and-one- half space
171	Ctrl + 2
	SpacePara2
	Sets the line spacing to double space
172	Ctrl + F3
	Spike
	Deletes the selection and adds it to the "Spike" AutoText entry (which allows you to move text and graphics from nonadjacent locations)
173	Alt + PgUp
	StartOfColumn
	Moves to the first cell in the current column
174	Ctrl+Shift+Home
	StartOfDocExtend
	Extends the selection to the beginning of the first line of the document
175	Ctrl +Home
	StartOfDocument
	Moves the insertion point to the beginning of the first line of the document
176	Home
	StartOfLine
	Moves the insertion point to the beginning of the current line
177	Shift+Home
	StartOfLineExtend
	Extends the selection to the beginning of the current line
178	Alt+Home
	StartOfRow
	Moves to the first cell in the current row
179	Alt+Ctrl+PgUp
	StartOfWindow
	Moves the insertion point to the beginning of the first visible line on the screen
180	Shift+ Alt+Ctrl+PgUp
	StartOfWindowExtend
	Extends the selection to the beginning of the first visible line on the screen
181	Strl + Shift + S
	Style
	Activates the Style drop-down on the Formatting toolbar
182	Ctrl + =
	Subscript
	Makes the selection subscript (toggle)
183	Ctrl + +
	Superscript
	Makes the selection superscript (toggle)
184	Ctrl + Shift + Q
	SymbolFont
	Applies the Symbol font to the selection
185	Alt A, F
	TableAutoFormat
	Applies a set of formatting to a table
186	Alt A, H
	TableHeadings
	Toggles table headings attribute on and off
187	Alt + click
	(Alt + drag to select several)
	TableSelectColumn
	Selects the current column in a table
188	Click in left margin
	TableSelectRow
	Selects the current row in a table
189	Alt + double-click
	TableSelectTable
	Selects an entire table
190	Alt + Ctrl + U
	TableUpdateAutoForm at
	Updates the table formatting to match the applied Table Autoformat settings
191	Shift + F9 (Alt + F9 toggles all field codes on or off)
	ToggleFieldDisplay
	Shows the field codes or the results for the selection (toggle)
192	Alt T, C
	ToolsCustomize
	Allows you to customizes the Word user interface (menus, keyboard and toolbars) and store the customizations in a template (defaults to Normal.dot, so be careful!)
193	Alt + F8
	ToolsMacro
	Runs, creates, deletes, or revises a macro
194	F7
	ToolsProofing
	Checks the spelling and grammar in the active document
195	Ctr.l + Shift + E
	ToolsRevisionMarksT oggle
	Toggles track changes for the active document
196	Shift + F7
	ToolsThesaurus
	Finds a synonym for the selected word
197	Ctrl+U
	Underline
	Formats the selection with a continuous underline (toggle)
198	Ctrl + Shift + T
	(or drag the ruler)
	UnHang
	Decreases the hanging indent
199	Ctrl + Shift + M
	(or drag the ruler)
	UnIndent
	Moves the left indent to the previous tab stop
200	Ctrl+Shift+F9
	UnlinkFields
	Permanently replaces the field codes with the results
201	Ctrl + Shift + F11
	UnlockFields
	Unlocks the selected fields for updating
202	F9
	UpdateFields
	Updates and displays the results of the selected fields
203	Ctrl + Shiift + F7
	UpdateSource
	Copies the modified text of a linked file back to its source file
204	Hover over comment
	ViewAnnotations
	Show or hide the comment pane
205	Dbl-click the endnote reference
	ViewEndnoteArea
	If in Normal View, opens a pane for viewing and editing the endnote (toggle). If in Page/Print Layout View, switches from the body text to the endnote or vice versa
206	At + F9
	ViewFieldCodes
	Shows the field codes or results for all fields (toggle)
207	Dbl-click the footnote reference
	ViewFootnoteArea
	If in Normal View, opens a pane for viewing and editing the footnote (toggle). If in Page/Print Layout View, switches from the body text to the footnote or vice versa.
208	Alt V, F
	ViewFootnotes
	If in Normal View, opens a pane for viewing and editing footnotes and endnotes (toggle). If in Page/Print Layout View, switches from the body text to the footnotes/endnotes or vice versa.
209	Alt V, H
	ViewHeader
	Displays header in page layout view
210	Alt V, N
	(or Alt + Ctrl + N)
	ViewNormal
	Changes the editing view to normal view
211	Alt V, O
	(or Alt + Ctrl + O)
	ViewOutline
	Displays a document's outline
212	Alt V, P
	(or Alt + Ctrl + P)
	ViewPage
	Displays the page more-or-less as it will be printed, and allows editing (In Word 2000 the menu item is called Print Layout, but fortunately the command hasn't changed.
213	Alt + F11
	ViewVBCode
	Shows the VB editing environment (Tools + Macro + Visual Basic Editor)
214	Alt + left arrow
	WebGoBack
	Backward hyperlink (useful if you clicked on a page number hyperlink in the table of contents and then want to return to the TOC)
215	Alt + rt arrow
	WebGoForward
	Forward hyperlink
216	Alt W, A
	WindowArrangeAll
	Arranges windows as non-overlapping tiles
217	Ctrl + left arrow
	WordLeft
	Moves the insertion point to the left one word
218	Shift + Ctrl + left arrow
	WordLeftExtend
	Extends the selection to the left one word
219	Ctrl + rt arrow
	WordRight
	Moves the insertion point to the right one word
220	Shift + Ctrl + rt arrow
	WordRightExtend
	Extends the selection to the right one word
221	Ctrl + Shift + W
	WordUnderline
	Underlines the words but not the spaces in the selection (toggle)